Suramin Sodium uncouples G proteins from receptors by blocking their interaction with intracellular, P2X and P2Y, purinergic receptor domains. The compound also inhibits the cell surface binding of various growth factors including PDGF, FGF-2 (FGFb), FGF-1 (FGFa), EGF and TGF-β. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of reverse transcriptase and protects T lymphocytes against in vitro human immunodeficiency virus infection. Suramin Sodium has been observed as a potent inhibitor of melanoma HPA (heparanase) and tumor cell metastasis. Inhibition of NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 with an IC50 of 2.6 μM along with SIRT5 has also been observed. Suramin Sodium has been recorded to antagonize EDG-3 (S1P3) selectively. Suramin Sodium is an inhibitor of A cyclase, FGF-1, FGF-2, IL-1, IL-4, PDGF, PC-PLD, PKC, SH-PTP, TERT, TGF beta 1, Topo I, Topo II and VEGF.