Geranylgeraniol, a precursor to geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, is an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. This compound has been shown to prevent bone re-absorption, inhibition of osteoclast formation, and kinase activation in vitro When working with statins, geranylgeraniol can reduce the toxicity without inhibiting the cholesterol-producing effects. Geranylgeraniol has been documented to counteract the effects of fluvastatin by inhibiting activation of caspase-1 and production of IL-1. It has been found to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells.