Costunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Magnolia sieboldii. The compound is described to act as an antioxidant, anti-mycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral, with cytotoxic activity. Additionally, Costunolide is reported to inhibit the activity of TERT (telomerase). Studies indicate that Costunolide activates JNK downstream of ROS in leukemia cells, and upstream of Bcl-2. The compound has also been suggested to act as an inhibitor of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and the VEGFR KDR/Flk-1 signaling pathway