Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an incredibly ubiquitous oxidant used as a reagent, disinfectant, antiseptic, and propellant. In synthetic chemistry, H2O2 is used for epoxidation and hydroxylation transformations, and is used as the raw oxidant source for generating more complicated and specific organic/inorganic peroxides. H2O2 in aqueous solution is used as a laboratory disinfectant and as a topical antiseptic. Studies investigating the correlation between free radical oxidative damage and neurodegeneration have utilized H2O2 to introduce reactive free radicals to cells and induce a model of oxidative neurodegeneration. The oxidation potential of H2O2 has further been harnessed in bipropellant rocket fuel formulations. The disinfectant, bleaching, and non-toxic properties of H2O2 provide a wide scope of industrial and commercial applications.